HYPNOTHERAPY FOR PAIN RELIEF warwickshire and online
Therapy for chronic pain
Chronic pain takes over quietly. Your energy. Your plans. The spontaneous version of yourself. The life that felt like yours. This is where that changes.
hypnotherapy for pain relief
Living with chronic pain asks a lot of you. More than most of the people around you can see.
Maybe you’ve stopped doing things you love. You wake up, figuring out what you can manage today, or what you may have to give up today, because of your pain. Maybe you’re exhausted not just from the pain, but from the relentless effort of carrying it all.
Chronic pain is not just a physical experience. Over time, it shapes how you think, feel, sleep, relate to the people around you, and how you see yourself. The emotional weight of chronic pain is just as real as the physical one.
If any of that sounds familiar, you’re not imagining it. And you’re not failing.
Chronic pain therapy, including Cognitive Behavioural Hypnotherapy for pain relief, offers something different. I cannot offer a cure for your pain condition, but I can offer understanding, reassurance, support and a way to change your relationship with pain, so you can start rebuilding a life that does not feel entirely defined by it.
Supporting you to take back more of your life from chronic pain
hypnotherapy for pain relief
the quiet reality of persistent pain
What chronic pain can feel like day to day.
- You spend the first few minutes of every morning doing a silent body check. Working out what kind of day it's going to be before you've even got up.
- When a good day finally arrives, you do too much, even though you know you'll pay for it later.
- The people around you are kind, and they try to understand. But there's a gap between what they see and what you're actually carrying.
- You've said "I'm fine" so many times it's almost become automatic. It's easier than explaining.
- Part of you is still looking for the thing that will finally fix this. The scan that will show what's actually wrong or the specialist with the answer, and the disappointment of this brings its own kind of pain.
- You feel like a different version of yourself, as if you're watching from the sidelines. You've found yourself saying 'no' to things, more than 'yes'.
- You feel guilty for resting, cancelling plans or not being more present. Having to ask people around you to adjust can feel exhausting in itself.
- You're not quite sure who you are without the pain any more. It's been there long enough that it's started to feel like part of you.
If this resonates, you’re someone who has been carrying something very heavy for a very long time, but you don’t have to keep finding your way through it alone.
understanding the connection
Understanding Pain
Around 28 million adults in the UK live with chronic pain, making it far more common than is often recognised. Many have had normal scans, been told an injury has healed or that there’s nothing more to be done medically, and yet the pain persists. That gap between the medical explanation and the lived experience is often where the real suffering sits.
Acute pain happens after injury and usually improves as the body heals. Chronic pain is different. It’s defined as pain that persists or keeps returning for longer than three months, and it’s now formally recognised as a health condition in its own right, not just a symptom of something else. Sometimes it continues long after an injury has healed, and sometimes there was never an injury at all.
Where there’s no ongoing damage driving the pain, specialists call it nociplastic pain, meaning pain produced by changes in how the nervous system processes signals rather than by ongoing harm in the body. Fibromyalgia works this way, and so do many kinds of persistent back, neck and widespread pain. When there’s no clear cause to point to, that uncertainty is itself hard to carry.
However it began, the brain and nervous system have changed how it processes pain signals. Chronic pain is real. It is not imagined, exaggerated or ‘all in your head’. It involves real changes in how your nervous system processes threat and pain.
understanding how pain works
Why does pain persist?
When the nervous system has become sensitised, it can start responding as though danger is still present, even when the original threat has passed. These are some of the patterns that can keep pain switched on.
Fear and avoidance
Stopping activities to protect against pain often leads to reduced movement, deconditioning, and lower mood, all of which increase pain sensitivity over time.
Sleep disruption
Poor sleep can make the nervous system more reactive. The same level of pain often feels significantly worse after a difficult night.
Stress and anxiety
The stress response activates the same nervous system pathways involved in pain processing. When we are anxious or stressed, pain signals are amplified.
Mood
Depression and low mood are both a consequence of and a contributor to chronic pain, creating a cycle that is hard to break without addressing both together.
PAIN AND THE BRAIN
Why pain isn't just a signal from the body.
One of the most important developments in pain science in recent times is the understanding that pain is not simply a signal transmitted from the body to the brain. Pain is an experience produced by the brain and nervous system, not simply a signal travelling from the body to the brain.
Two people can have very similar scan findings, such as a disc bulge, but very different pain experiences. One can experience significant pain, the other no pain at all and never even knows there was a problem there. Another example is phantom limb pain, which is a real, intense pain in a limb that no longer exists. The pain is completely genuine and also completely generated by the brain.
What determines whether the brain generates pain isn’t just the state of the tissues. It’s the brain’s assessment of threat. How dangerous is this situation? How safe am I? What do I know about what’s happening in my body? How much control do I have? The brain weighs all of this, often below our level of awareness.
What this means for you
If the brain has learned to produce pain as a protective response, even when the original threat has gone, it can also unlearn it. Not through willpower or positive thinking, but through a change in the factors that feed the assessment of threat. We can do this by building a better understanding, reducing fear, calming the nervous system, and gradually re-engaging with life.
Understanding this is often the first thing that shifts. Many people describe it as the first time their experience has made sense.
understanding chronic pain
Why it's not your fault.
Here’s something that can be both confusing and quite liberating to understand. Your nervous system’s main priority is keeping you safe. When you experience injury or threat, your protective brain produces pain, which encourages you to stop and rest, to protect yourself.
But when pain becomes chronic, something changes, and the nervous system can become oversensitive. It’s a bit like a smoke alarm that starts going off when you make toast. It isn’t broken, it just reacts too quickly and when it’s not needed. Your nervous system has learned, over time, to respond to signals that aren’t actually dangerous.
This process is called central sensitisation. Your brain and spinal cord become more reactive, amplifying signals that might not have triggered pain before. Movement, stress, fatigue, and even emotions can set the alarm off. Not because anything is wrong, but because your nervous system has been on high alert for so long, it has recalibrated.
The hopeful part is that the nervous system is adaptable through a process called neuroplasticity. Just as it can learn to become more protective, it can also begin to learn safer, steadier responses.
This is what we work towards as part of therapy for chronic pain.
THE CYCLE THAT KEEPS PAIN GOING
Why avoidance makes things harder, and what to do instead
When pain is present, the most natural response in the world is to stop doing things that might make it worse. In the short term, for acute pain, this is exactly right. But with chronic pain, this protective response can become part of the problem. When avoidance becomes a long-term pattern, something predictable happens.
The fear-avoidance cycle
Pain triggers fear. The natural response to persistent pain is to worry: is something seriously wrong? Will this get worse? What if I damage myself further? This fear is understandable, and it keeps the nervous system in a state of alert.
Fear leads to avoidance. Naturally, to protect against pain, people gradually stop doing things they associate with discomfort. Activities are dropped, plans are cancelled, and movement is reduced. Each time avoidance brings temporary relief, the brain learns that avoidance is the right response.
Avoidance leads to deconditioning. Reduced movement leads to reduced strength, flexibility and fitness. The body becomes less resilient. Paradoxically, this often makes pain worse, not because of tissue damage, but because a deconditioned body is a more vulnerable one.
Low mood and isolation follow. Withdrawal from activities means withdrawal from the things that give life meaning and pleasure. Social connections are reduced. Achievements become rare. Low mood sets in, all of which makes everything feel worse.
The nervous system becomes more sensitive.
All of this feeds back into a more sensitised pain system. The alarm gets louder. And the cycle begins again.
The way forward is not to push through or avoid everything. It is to rebuild movement, activity and confidence gradually, in a way your nervous system can tolerate. This often means taking smaller steps than you think you should be taking, but taking them with more consistency, compassion and purpose.
When your mind works with you instead of against you, everything changes.
integrative therapy + hypnotherapy for pain relief
An evidence-based approach
My approach to therapy for chronic pain is tailored to your specific needs, using evidence-based approaches for persistent pain, including:
Pain neuroscience education helps you understand why pain can persist, what may be keeping your nervous system on high alert, and why pain can be real even when it is not a simple sign of ongoing damage. For many people, understanding how pain works is the first step towards reducing fear and responding differently.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) helps you change your relationship with pain, pain-related thoughts, difficult emotions and the urge to avoid. Rather than waiting until pain has gone before you live your life, we work on building psychological flexibility, taking meaningful action, and gently moving towards what matters, even while pain is present.
Mindfulness can help you notice pain, thoughts and sensations without becoming overwhelmed by them. It is not about pretending pain is not there, but about changing how you relate to it, so pain has less control over your attention, your choices and your sense of self.
Cognitive Behavioural Hypnotherapy can be used as part of hypnotherapy for pain relief, but not in the sense of promising to remove pain completely. In my work, it supports chronic pain therapy by using focused attention, therapeutic suggestion, imagery, mental rehearsal and self-hypnosis skills. This can help you practise steadier responses, reduce fear and tension around pain, and build confidence in your ability to respond differently.
The aim is not to promise a cure or tell you that pain is just psychological, instead, we help you understand your pain system, reduce the struggle around pain, and build a life that feels more like yours again.
Life Beyond Pain
Lucy Mundy
Your Mind Works
MSc, BSc (Hons) Psychology, HDipCBH, DipSMRB, GMBPsS, MNCIP (reg)
psychologist, integrative psychotherapist + coach
Chronic pain can be isolating, exhausting and difficult for other people to fully understand. Many people with chronic pain spend years adapting, managing and getting on with life in ways that most people never see.
Chronic pain is one of the areas of my work I feel most deeply about. My MSc in Health Psychology and postgraduate research at the University of Southampton focused on the psychological processes involved in persistent pain and the lived experiences of people with chronic pain, particularly patients with Fibromyalgia. During this time, I worked within an NHS multidisciplinary pain management team as part of the Health Foundation’s Co-Creating Health project with Coventry University, assisting in a Pain Management Programme and working with patients using CBT for chronic pain.
That experience has shaped everything I bring to this work. I understand not just the neuroscience, but the reality of what people are carrying when they come to therapy. The exhaustion, the invisibility of it, and the gap between what scans show and what life actually feels like. I have also seen how change is possible with the right psychological tools, understanding and support.
restore: beyond Pain
is therapy the right option for me?
Therapy is suitable for you if
- You've been living with chronic pain for three months or longer.
- You've engaged with medical treatment and are looking for something to work alongside it, or where medical options have reached their limits.
- You're open to exploring the psychological and emotional dimension of your experience. Not because the pain isn't real, but because you know there's more to it than the physical.
- You're ready to engage actively in a process of change, open to try things between sessions, reflect, and want to build a different relationship with your pain and your life.
- You want a life that still feels meaningful and truly yours, even on difficult days.
this will not be suitable for you if
- Your pain is newly diagnosed and still under active medical investigation.
- You have new symptoms or changes which should be further explored by your healthcare professionals.
- You're looking for a purely physical treatment. This work addresses the psychological and neurological dimensions of pain, most effective alongside appropriate medical care, not instead of it.
- You're currently experiencing a mental health crisis. In that case, please speak to your GP or healthcare provider, or if in doubt, contact 111 (in the UK) for support.
How we work together
therapy for chronic pain in warwickshire + online
01
book a free consultation
A relaxed 30-minute call to talk through what has been going on, what you are hoping to change, and whether working together feels right. You can ask questions and take time to decide what you would like to do next.
02
in-depth assessment
Your first full session is 90 minutes, and it’s where we make sense of what’s going on, looking at your history, your current pain experience and what you would like to achieve from our work together.
03
a personalised plan
After your assessment, we agree a plan for getting you where you want to be. It covers the approach we’ll take, what to expect, and how many sessions you’re likely to need, so you always know what we’re focusing on and why.
04
sessions to fit your life
We meet online or in person in North Warwickshire, near Tamworth, Ashby-de-la-Zouch and Burton upon Trent, whichever suits you best. Between sessions, the Your Mind Works app keeps your practices, audios and tools to hand, whenever you need them.
What you can achieve
Your personalised plan.
Most people who come to therapy for chronic pain have been finding ways to keep going for a long time. Working around the pain, pushing through, waiting for it to ease. This programme is for people who are ready to try a different approach.
Because your pain experience is unique, and your plan will be too. Whatever your personal therapy goals, we may work towards helping you:
- Understand your pain system and why it behaves the way it does.
- Respond to pain with less fear, frustration and self-blame.
- Make choices based on what you value, not just what pain allows on any given day.
- Reduce the boom-and-bust cycle of pushing through, crashing and recovering
- Rebuild confidence in movement, activity and daily life.
- Sleep and rest with less pressure, tension and struggle around pain.
- Reconnect with people, roles and activities that matter to you.
- Build a practical toolkit you can return to long after our sessions end.
- A life that feels meaningful and genuinely yours again, even on difficult days.
chronic pain programme restore: beyond pain
RESTORE: Beyond Pain is an in-depth chronic pain programme designed to help you understand your pain system, reduce fear and struggle, build practical skills, and reconnect with life beyond pain. The full self-led version of RESTORE is coming soon. I currently offer the RESTORE programme on an individual basis, with the complete pain management programme available inside the Your Mind Works app alongside our sessions.
Your programme includes:
The complete RESTORE: Beyond Pain programme sits at the foundation of our work together. The programme carries the learning between sessions, which means our time together is spent entirely on the support you need most.
Session 1 In-depth assessment
We explore your current situation, pain history, what you have already tried, how pain is affecting your life, and what you most need support with now. You leave with a clearer understanding of what we are working towards and a personalised treatment plan.
Sessions 2 - 8
We work through the RESTORE framework together, personalised to you. This may include pain neuroscience education, calming a sensitised nervous system, working with thoughts and emotions, movement and pacing, sleep, relationships, values, self-compassion and your long-term plan. Along with personalised hypnotherapy to fully support you.
also included
- A free 30-minute consultation before you begin.
- The complete RESTORE: Beyond Pain programme inside the Your Mind Works app.
- Guided lessons, worksheets and companion guides.
- Personalised audios and guided practices.
- Between-session support through your private client space.
- Six months’ access to The Membership, with additional resources, live sessions and workshops.
£990 for the full 1:1 RESTORE programme
You can pay in full, or spread the cost over three monthly payments of £330 at no extra cost.
Prefer to work through RESTORE with lighter support, or start at your own pace? The self-led version is coming soon.
your mind works app
RESTORE in your pocket
Because life starts when your session ends.
For my chronic pain clients, the app isn’t just an added extra. It’s where the whole RESTORE programme lives. Including ten modules of video lessons, guided audio practices, practical tools and exercises and a companion guide for every module, alongside your own private space with everything personalised to you.
- The complete RESTORE: Beyond Pain programme, included.
- Your personalised self-hypnosis and mindfulness audios in one place.
- In-the-moment tools and guided practices for the difficult days.
- A journal with guided prompts, and gentle reminders between sessions.
- Share how your week has gone before we meet via in-app messaging with me, so our session time goes further.
- Six months of The Membership, with live group sessions and workshops included
You can access the app on your phone, tablet or computer, so support is easy to return to whenever you need it.
Our web-based app means you can easily access on any device with no app store download.
Additional resources, audios and more.
Schedule practices and exercises in your calendar
Your Personal Client Space
Join me for live group sessions
Library full of resources, mind tools, practices and audios.
Your Mind Works web-based app is available on your Apple and Android devices, or easily accessed on your browser and even on your TV.
kind words
CONDITIONS I WORK WITH
People come with many different pain conditions.
Whatever your pain condition, we will work to help you understand your nervous system’s response, your relationship with pain, and the life you want to build.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is often associated with widespread pain, fatigue, sleep problems and heightened nervous system sensitivity. It is closely linked with central sensitisation, where the nervous system becomes more sensitive to signals across the body. ACT, CBT, mindfulness and hypnotherapy are all supported by research for fibromyalgia, including brain imaging evidence showing that hypnotic suggestion directly changes the pain experience in the brain7. Therapy cannot cure fibromyalgia, but it can significantly reduce its impact on daily life.
chronic back pain
Chronic back pain is one of the most common long-term pain conditions. Scan findings such as disc bulges or degeneration do not always map neatly onto pain levels, and many people with significant findings have little or no pain, while others experience severe pain with minimal findings. Therapy can help you rebuild confidence in movement, reduce fear, and address the emotional and behavioural patterns that keep the alarm system on high alert.
Chronic neck and shoulder pain
Chronic neck and shoulder pain can develop following whiplash injury, periods of sustained physical tension, or as part of a wider pattern of nervous system sensitisation. While structural causes can play a role, as with back pain, imaging findings often don’t reflect pain levels. Stress, anxiety and low mood are well-documented factors in amplifying and maintaining neck and shoulder pain. Therapy addresses the nervous system’s reactivity and the emotional factors that keep pain turned up, alongside any physical management.
Nerve pain (neuropathic pain)
Neuropathic pain refers to pain caused by damage or dysfunction in the nervous system itself, rather than ongoing tissue injury. It often presents as burning, stabbing, electric or shooting sensations, or hypersensitivity to touch. Common causes include post-herpetic neuralgia (nerve pain following shingles), diabetic neuropathy, sciatica, nerve compression, and nerve damage following surgery or injury. It can be relentless, unpredictable, and particularly hard to explain to others. Psychological therapy addresses the fear and distress that build up around neuropathic pain and supports the nervous system in becoming less reactive over time, even when the underlying nerve damage cannot be reversed.
Chronic fatigue and pain conditions
ME/CFS (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) and Long COVID can involve a complex combination of pain, fatigue, post-exertional malaise, reduced functioning and nervous system sensitivity. Therapy doesn’t treat the underlying condition, but it can support you to live well alongside it, through gentle nervous system regulation, sustainable pacing, and ACT-based work to help you build a meaningful life within your current limits and, where possible, expand what you can do over time.
Arthritis
Arthritis covers a range of conditions involving persistent joint pain. Osteoarthritis involves gradual changes to joint cartilage and is among the most common causes of chronic pain in adults. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition causing joint inflammation that can also affect other systems in the body. In both conditions, the experience of pain is significantly shaped by central sensitisation, mood, sleep quality and fear of movement. Psychological therapy does not replace medical management but works alongside it, helping to reduce the impact of pain on daily life and addressing the emotional weight of living with a long-term condition.
Chronic headaches and migraine
Chronic migraine is defined as 15 or more headache days per month. Tension-type headaches can also become chronic, with pain present more days than not. Stress, disrupted sleep, anxiety and nervous system sensitisation are all well-documented factors in chronic headache, not just as triggers but as maintaining conditions. Psychological therapy can help reduce the frequency and impact of headaches by addressing nervous system reactivity, improving sleep, and reducing the anticipatory anxiety that develops around pain.
SIGNS THERAPY MAY HELP
When chronic pain becomes too much.
There’s no single moment that means ‘you’re ready’ for therapy. But some signs that it might be the right time if:
- Pain has lasted months or years, and medical treatments have not given you enough relief.
- You feel stuck between pushing through pain and avoiding activity, and both options feel like losing.
- Your mood, sleep or relationships are suffering alongside the pain.
- You've started organising your whole life around what might cause a flare-up.
- You're exhausted, not just physically, but from the mental effort of managing all of this.
- You want to understand what's happening in your nervous system, not just manage symptoms.
- Someone you trust has suggested you might benefit from additional support.
You don’t have to be at crisis point to seek support. Many people come to therapy not because they’ve hit a wall, but because they’ve reached a point where they want to stop just surviving and start actually living again. That’s enough of a reason.
your free guide to understanding chronic pain
LIVING Beyond Pain
Understanding why pain persists is often the first thing that makes a real difference. This free guide explains the neuroscience behind chronic pain in plain language, explores the patterns that keep it going, and gives you two practical exercises to start with today.
- Why pain persists long after injury has healed, and what your nervous system has to do with it.
- The patterns of thinking and behaviour that keep the alarm switched on, and how to start changing them.
- A clear look at what the evidence says about CBT, ACT and hypnotherapy for chronic pain.
- Two exercises from the RESTORE programme to try today.
frequently asked questions
No. Chronic pain is a real, physical experience involving the nervous system, the brain and the body. Therapy works because pain is influenced by stress, emotions, sleep and past experiences. Not because the pain is imagined. Addressing those factors doesn’t diminish the reality of what you’re experiencing. It means working with your pain at every level, not just the physical.
Unfortunately, not, and I wish I could give you a different answer. However, as the nervous system calms and fear reduces, many people do find that they experience a significant reduction in pain intensity and frequency, but that’s not something I can promise, and if anyone is promising to cure your chronic pain, that is worth questioning.
The main goal of this work isn’t to eliminate pain, but to change your relationship with it, to reduce the fear, avoidance, and the emotional weight that often makes it hard to cope with. We also work on helping you build a life that feels meaningful, even on difficult days.
The relationship between pain and mood goes both ways. Chronic pain places sustained strain on the nervous system, sleep, energy and daily functioning, all of which affect mood. At the same time, depression and anxiety amplify nervous system sensitivity, which increases pain. Therapy can support you with both sides of this experience.
Yes. Fatigue with chronic pain is common and real. The nervous system is constantly processing threat signals, which is exhausting. Pain disrupts sleep. Avoiding activity reduces physical condition over time. And the constant cognitive effort of managing pain (planning, calculating, monitoring) takes enormous mental energy. Therapy can help with these aspects of your experience.
Many people have had previous therapy, often general counselling or therapy that didn’t quite address the pain-specific aspects. RESTORE specifically addresses the nervous system, the fear-avoidance patterns, the identity changes and the thoughts and feelings experienced with long-term pain. If you’ve tried other approaches, it’s worth having a conversation about what did and didn’t work for you. That’s exactly what the free consultation is for.
If you’re based in North Warwickshire or the surrounding area, I offer in-person sessions. That includes people travelling from Tamworth, Lichfield, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Burton upon Trent, Swadlincote, and across the Staffordshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire borders. I also work with people online across the UK, which many clients find easier to fit around difficult days when travel feels like too much. We can talk through which option suits you best in the free consultation.
The evidence is encouraging. Research has consistently shown that hypnotherapy, particularly when combined with cognitive behavioural techniques, can reduce pain intensity, improve sleep, and ease the emotional distress that builds up around chronic pain. Jensen and Patterson (2014) found measurable effects on pain processing visible in brain imaging.
Hypnotherapy isn’t a standalone treatment; it is used as part of a wider therapeutic approach. Within RESTORE and my one-to-one sessions, hypnosis is woven through CBT, ACT and pain neuroscience education, because that’s where the evidence is strongest and where it does its best work. It’s not a cure, and results vary from person to person, but for many people the combination produces changes that other approaches haven’t.
Research shows that online therapy can be just as effective as in-person therapy for most conditions. Many clients, especially when experiencing chronic pain, find that the comfort of their own environment actually enhances the therapeutic experience. Meeting online is easier to fit around difficult days or when travel feels like too much.
The RESTORE programme you access on the Your Mind Works app makes it even easier to pace yourself and access resources and audios whenever you need them from any device.
Hypnotherapy is generally considered safe when it is delivered by an appropriately trained practitioner and used within a clear therapeutic approach.
In Cognitive Behavioural Hypnotherapy, hypnosis is a focused state of attention, not unconsciousness or loss of control. You remain aware, involved and able to choose how you respond. It is not suitable for everyone, which is why we discuss your history, needs and suitability during the assessment process.
Yes. What you share in sessions is treated confidentially. There are very limited exceptions, mainly if there were serious concerns about your safety or the safety of someone else. These situations are uncommon, and I would always aim to discuss this with you first where possible.
Discover the programme…
Not ready for 1:1 therapy, or want a more flexible option?
RESTORE is a 10-module self-paced programme built on the same framework as my 1:1 work, which you can work through in your own time.
It’s available as a standalone self-guided programme, or with individual support sessions if you’d like some personal guidance alongside it. If you’re considering 1:1 therapy, RESTORE is included as part of your programme.
Ready to explore a different way forward?
Chronic pain is isolating in a very specific way. It’s invisible, it’s exhausting to explain, and it can quietly take your confidence, your plans and your sense of who you are.
This work won’t dismiss what you’ve been through, and it won’t tell you to think positively or push on through. It gives you a real understanding of what’s happening, and a structured, supported path back to a life that no longer has to revolve around pain.
Whenever you’re ready, the first step is a free thirty-minute conversation. You tell me where you are, ask anything, and we’ll work out together whether this feels like the right next step. There’s nothing to prepare and nothing to decide on the call.
- Fayaz, A., Croft, P., Langford, R.M., Donaldson, L.J. and Jones, G.T. (2016) ‘Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies’, BMJ Open, 6(6), e010364.
- Brinjikji, W. et al. (2015) ‘Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations’, American Journal of Neuroradiology, 36(4), pp. 811–816.
- Kirsch, I., Montgomery, G. and Sapirstein, G. (1995) ‘Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy: a meta-analysis’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(2), pp. 214–220.
- Ramondo, N., Gignac, G.E., Pestell, C.F. and Byrne, S.M. (2021) ‘Clinical hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive behaviour therapy: an updated meta-analysis’, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 69(2), pp. 169–202.
- McCracken, L.M. and Vowles, K.E. (2014) ‘Acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness for chronic pain: model, process, and progress’, American Psychologist, 69(2), pp. 178–187.
- Jensen, M. and Patterson, D.R. (2014) ‘Hypnotic approaches for chronic pain management: clinical implications of recent research’, American Psychologist, 69(2), pp. 167–177.
- Moseley, G.L. and Butler, D.S. (2015) ‘Fifteen years of explaining pain: the past, present, and future’, The Journal of Pain, 16(9), pp. 807–813.